The President’s Commission on Carbon Neutrality at the University of Michigan has submitted its final report, which contains recommendations to help the university achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.

The report includes 50 recommendations that U-M could take to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions across the Ann Arbor, Dearborn and Flint campuses. Recommendations account for U-M’s: Scope 1 emissions, resulting from on-campus sources like the central power plant; Scope 2 emissions, resulting from purchased electricity; and Scope 3 emissions, resulting from indirect sources like commuting, food procurement and university-sponsored travel.

The report outlines a pathway for U-M to:

• Reach carbon neutrality for Scope 1 emissions across all three campuses by 2025 (inclusive of carbon offsets) and eliminate Scope 1 emissions entirely by 2040.
• Achieve carbon neutrality for Scope 2 emissions across all three campuses by 2025 or earlier.
• Establish, by 2025, carbon neutrality goal dates for Scope 3 emissions categories that are set for no later than 2040.
• Deepen its commitment to environmental justice and strengthen its connections with local communities.

Carbon neutrality is achieved when an institution reduces its quantifiable greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero—whereby remaining emissions are balanced by investments in carbon credits or removal/sequestration projects.

The report marks the culmination of the commission’s two-year endeavor to identify scalable, transferable and financially responsible strategies to reduce emissions universitywide.

“Combating climate change remains global society’s greatest challenge because of its urgency and potential adverse impact on all of the Earth’s inhabitants and everything that we do. Success will require the collaboration of many disciplines and all institutions,” said U-M President Mark Schlissel.

“I applaud the President’s Commission on Carbon Neutrality for leveraging the strengths of our university and broader community to bring forward a comprehensive report. I look forward to reviewing each recommendation with university leadership to determine U-M’s best path forward.”

Seventeen commissioners sat on the emissions reduction task force, including faculty, staff, students and regional stakeholders. The commission’s broader analysis involved two external consultants (Integral Group and SmithGroup) and 11 internal teams, each examining distinct topics crucial for attaining carbon neutrality. Approximately 50 undergraduate and graduate students and 17 faculty members served on these internal analysis teams.

In addition, the commission received and considered more than 700 public comments over the course of its process from more than 400 U-M students, staff, faculty members, alumni and community members.

The proposed actions are now in the hands of university leadership for further analysis and decision-making. Schlissel, the U-M Board of Regents, and other university leaders, upon reviewing the report, will determine U-M’s immediate, short-term and long-term climate actions and plans.

“We’re confident that the steps outlined in our report provide U-M with a bold, feasible and just path toward carbon neutrality,” said Stephen Forrest, commission co-chair and professor of electrical engineering and computer science, physics, and material sciences and engineering.

“The report spans emissions scopes, disciplines and leading topics in sustainability, and community input has been critical in making it as thorough as it is. After we released the draft report for public feedback, we received 521 public comments, representing more than 200 campus units. We’re immeasurably encouraged by the interest in and ideas around this work, which push U-M to be a leading university in sustainability.”

Following feedback related to its draft report, released in December 2020, the commission bolstered recommendations pertaining to university organization and culture, and focused on environmental justice implications more comprehensively throughout.

“The commission recognizes the intrinsic connection between carbon neutrality efforts and environmental justice and, accordingly, the need to pose solutions that address both,” the report reads.

“We chose to highlight organizational recommendations and environmental justice considerations in large part because they can foster a culture of sustainability that complements our technical, emissions-reduction recommendations,” said Jennifer Haverkamp, commission co-chair and Graham Family Director of the Graham Sustainability Institute.

“Our community comprises more than 100,000 students, staff and faculty, and our path toward carbon neutrality requires that they all feel empowered, represented and responsible. We’re confident that in this report, everyone will find something directly relevant to their daily experience at U-M.”

Organization and culture recommendations include, among other actions:

• Committing to incorporate environmental justice principles and expertise within future deliberations, decision-making and implementation efforts.
• Creating an executive leadership position to help coordinate universitywide carbon neutrality efforts, supplemented by internal and community advisory committees that leverage U-M resources and external perspectives, respectively.
• Integrating emissions mitigation into campus planning.
• Prioritizing central locations for construction projects and evaluating the need for new affordable campus housing for students, faculty and staff.
• Making significant investments in carbon neutrality research and deployment of resulting innovations into society at large.
• Expanding and supporting carbon neutrality focused “living-learning labs” across all three U-M campuses.

Emissions mitigation recommendations include, among other actions:

• Converting existing heating and cooling infrastructure on all campuses to an electrified system centered on geothermal heat exchange with heat recovery chiller technology.
• Transitioning U-M’s entire vehicle fleet—including BlueBuses, campus cars and trucks, and maintenance vehicles—to a fully decarbonized fleet.
• Incentivizing commuter electric vehicle use by increasing electric vehicle charging stations across all three campuses.
• Creating a Revolving Energy Fund in conjunction with an internal carbon pricing system to support energy conservation and carbon reduction projects across the university.
• Reforming U-M’s parking policy and investing in ridesharing, telecommuting and cycling infrastructure to spur university community members away from regular personal vehicle use.

Other draft recommendations relate to new building standards to reduce carbon emissions both in their construction and use, alternatives for university-sponsored travel, commuting, plant-forward dining options, upstream emissions, biosequestration and carbon offsets.

Though the commission calls for the use of carbon offsets to accelerate Scope 1 neutrality, a number of commissioners would prioritize the elimination of on-campus emissions over offsets.

More information:

• Read the report (PDF)
• President’s Commission on Carbon Neutrality